/* ===========================
   Variables & Reset
=========================== */
*, *::before, *::after {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

:root {
    --bg:          #faf8f5;
    --bg-alt:      #f0ede8;
    --accent:      #2d6a4f;
    --accent-mid:  #40916c;
    --accent-light:#52b788;
    --text:        #333333;
    --text-muted:  #6b6b6b;
    --highlight:   #d4a017;
    --border:      #e0dbd4;
    --white:       #ffffff;
    --shadow:      0 4px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    --shadow-lg:   0 8px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.13);
    --radius:      14px;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    font-size: 16px;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    background-color: var(--bg);
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.7;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}
a:hover { color: var(--accent-mid); }

img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }

/* ===========================
   Navigation
=========================== */
#navbar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    background: rgba(250, 248, 245, 0.9);
    backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    transition: border-color 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;
}

#navbar.scrolled {
    border-bottom-color: var(--border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    height: 64px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-logo {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--accent);
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.nav-links {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    gap: 2.25rem;
    margin-left: auto;
}

.nav-links a {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    padding-bottom: 2px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a.active {
    color: var(--accent);
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}

.nav-toggle {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 4px;
}

.nav-toggle span {
    display: block;
    width: 24px;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--text);
    border-radius: 2px;
    transition: all 0.3s;
}

/* ===========================
   Hero
=========================== */
.hero {
    min-height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 7rem 2rem 5rem;
    position: relative;
    background-image: url('../images/gt_landscape.jpg');
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center 40%;
}

.hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(
        to right,
        rgba(250,248,245,0.97) 35%,
        rgba(250,248,245,0.82) 60%,
        rgba(250,248,245,0.55) 100%
    );
    pointer-events: none;
}

.hero-content {
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px;
    gap: 5rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.hero-label {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.9rem;
    background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.1);
    border-radius: 100px;
}

.hero h1 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 6vw, 4.5rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.08;
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--accent);
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.97rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.hero-bio {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    max-width: 560px;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.hero-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.65rem;
}

/* Badges — uniform style */
.badge {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.45rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    font-size: 0.83rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--accent);
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--accent);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.badge:hover {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--white);
}

/* Photo */
.hero-photo {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}

.photo-frame {
    width: 280px;
    height: 280px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 4px solid var(--accent);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.1), var(--shadow-lg);
}

.photo-frame img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.photo-placeholder {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: var(--bg-alt);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 5rem;
    color: var(--border);
}

/* Scroll cue */
.hero-scroll {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 2rem;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    animation: bounce 2.2s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.hero-scroll a {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    opacity: 0.7;
    transition: opacity 0.2s;
}

.hero-scroll a:hover { opacity: 1; }

@keyframes bounce {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0); }
    50%       { transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(8px); }
}

/* ===========================
   Section Base
=========================== */
.section { padding: 6rem 2rem; }
.section-alt { background: var(--bg-alt); }

.container {
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.section-title {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 2.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: 44px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--highlight);
    margin-top: 0.55rem;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* ===========================
   Hero Institutions Row
=========================== */
.hero-institutions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.9rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.inst-logo {
    height: 32px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.gt-logo {
    /* GT logo has a white/transparent bg — keep it crisp */
    filter: brightness(0.85);
}

.inst-divider {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.inst-cornell {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #b31b1b;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

/* ===========================
   About
=========================== */
.about-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px;
    gap: 4rem;
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.about-text p {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.02rem;
}

.about-text p strong { color: var(--text); }
.about-text a { font-weight: 500; }

.detail-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.4rem 1.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.detail-card h3 {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.detail-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.2rem;
}

.detail-item strong { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text); }
.detail-item span   { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--text-muted); }
.detail-item a      { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--accent); }

/* Education items */
.edu-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.edu-logo {
    height: 28px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: 3px;
    filter: brightness(0.85);
}

.edu-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.15rem;
}

.edu-text strong { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text); }
.edu-text span   { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--text-muted); }

.edu-note {
    font-size: 0.75rem !important;
    color: var(--accent) !important;
    font-style: italic;
}

.edu-divider {
    height: 1px;
    background: var(--border);
    margin: 0.6rem 0;
}

/* Award list */
.award-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.45rem;
}

.award-list li {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    padding-left: 1.1rem;
    position: relative;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.award-list li::before {
    content: '★';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--highlight);
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    top: 3px;
}

.interest-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.45rem;
}

.interest-list li {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    padding-left: 1.1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.interest-list li::before {
    content: '▸';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    top: 2px;
}

/* ===========================
   Research Cards
=========================== */
.research-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
}

.research-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 2rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    transition: transform 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.research-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-light));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform 0.35s ease;
}

.research-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.research-card:hover::before { transform: scaleX(1); }

.research-icon {
    width: 46px;
    height: 46px;
    background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.1);
    border-radius: 12px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.research-card h3 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.research-card p {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.75;
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
}

.research-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.4rem;
}

.tag {
    font-size: 0.73rem;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem;
    background: var(--bg-alt);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    border-radius: 100px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* ===========================
   Publications
=========================== */
.pub-list {
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
}

.pub-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2.5rem;
    padding: 2rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.pub-item:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }

.pub-year {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--highlight);
    min-width: 72px;
    line-height: 1.1;
    padding-top: 3px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.4rem;
}

.pub-status {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.55rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
}

.in-review {
    background: rgba(212, 160, 23, 0.12);
    color: var(--highlight);
    border: 1px solid rgba(212, 160, 23, 0.35);
}

.pub-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.pub-authors {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.pub-journal {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.pub-under-review {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
}

.pub-links { display: flex; gap: 1.1rem; }

.pub-link {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--accent);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.pub-link:hover { color: var(--accent-light); }

/* Under Review / In Prep cards */
.preprint-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.preprint-card {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.75rem;
    align-items: center;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    transition: box-shadow 0.25s;
}

.preprint-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow); }

.preprint-gif {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 160px;
    height: 110px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #111;
}

.preprint-gif img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.preprint-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.45rem;
}

.preprint-content h4 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin: 0;
}

.under-review {
    background: rgba(179, 27, 27, 0.08);
    color: #b31b1b;
    border: 1px solid rgba(179, 27, 27, 0.25);
}

.in-prep {
    background: rgba(107, 107, 107, 0.1);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

/* Conferences */
.subsection-title {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    color: var(--text);
    margin: 3.5rem 0 1.5rem;
}

.conf-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }

.conf-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    transition: box-shadow 0.25s;
}

.conf-item:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow); }

.conf-icon {
    color: var(--highlight);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-top: 3px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.conf-content h4 {
    font-size: 0.93rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.conf-content p { font-size: 0.84rem; color: var(--text-muted); }

/* ===========================
   Projects
=========================== */
.project-grid {
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
    display: grid;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.project-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 2.25rem 2.5rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    transition: box-shadow 0.3s;
}

.project-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); }

.project-card.featured {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.project-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.73rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.1);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.project-header { margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }

.project-card h3 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.project-card > p {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.97rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}

.project-details {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
}

.project-details li {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.65rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.project-details li i {
    color: var(--accent);
    width: 16px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: 3px;
}

.project-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.75rem; }

.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.84rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.btn-outline {
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    color: var(--accent);
}

/* ===========================
   Awards
=========================== */
.awards-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
}

.award-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.75rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    transition: box-shadow 0.25s, transform 0.25s;
}

.award-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.award-icon {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: rgba(212, 160, 23, 0.12);
    border-radius: 10px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--highlight);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.award-body h3 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.award-sub {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.award-desc {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.65;
}

/* Awards list (row layout) */
.awards-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.award-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto auto auto;
    gap: 1rem;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    background: var(--white);
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.award-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.award-row:hover { background: var(--bg-alt); }

.award-row-name {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text);
}

.award-row-icon {
    color: var(--highlight);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 1rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.award-row-meta {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.award-row-amount {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.award-row-year {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    white-space: nowrap;
    text-align: right;
}

/* ===========================
   Contact
=========================== */
.contact-container { text-align: center; }

.contact-text {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    margin: 1.75rem 0 2.75rem;
}

.contact-links {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.contact-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.7rem;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.6rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 100px;
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: border-color 0.2s, color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-item i {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    transition: transform 0.2s;
}

.contact-item:hover {
    color: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(45,106,79,0.1);
}
.contact-item:hover i { transform: scale(1.12); }

/* ===========================
   About (homepage — full-width)
=========================== */
.about-full {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin-top: 2.5rem;
}

.about-full p {
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.about-full p strong { color: var(--text); }
.about-full a { font-weight: 500; }

.about-facts {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.65rem;
    margin-top: 1.75rem;
}

.fact-chip {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.45rem;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.9rem;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 100px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.fact-chip i { color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.78rem; }

/* ===========================
   News extra / toggle
=========================== */
.news-extra-wrap[hidden] { display: none !important; }
.news-extra-wrap { display: block; }

.news-more-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.45rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--accent);
    border-radius: 100px;
    background: none;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
}

.news-more-btn:hover {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--white);
}

.news-more-btn i { transition: transform 0.3s; }
.news-more-btn.open i { transform: rotate(180deg); }

/* ===========================
   Featured Cards
=========================== */
.feat-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1.75rem;
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
}

.feat-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: box-shadow 0.3s, transform 0.3s;
}

.feat-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-4px);
}

.feat-media {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    background: #111;
}

.feat-media img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.4s;
}

.feat-card:hover .feat-media img { transform: scale(1.03); }

.feat-media-placeholder {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a3a2a, #2d6a4f);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
}

.video-thumb-wrap {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    position: relative;
}

.video-thumb-wrap img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.play-btn {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    transition: transform 0.2s, background 0.2s;
    padding-left: 4px;
}

.video-thumb-wrap:hover .play-btn {
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1.1);
    background: var(--white);
}

.feat-body {
    padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem 1.75rem;
}

.feat-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.1);
    padding: 0.22rem 0.7rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.feat-body h3 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.feat-body p {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.75;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.feat-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.65rem;
}

.feat-link-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    padding: 0.42rem 1rem;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.feat-link-btn:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    color: var(--accent);
}

/* ===========================
   Page Header (sub-pages)
=========================== */
.page-header {
    background: var(--bg-alt);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 5.5rem 2rem 2.5rem;
}

.page-title {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 2.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.page-subtitle {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* ===========================
   Latest News Timeline
=========================== */
.news-timeline {
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 2rem;
}

.news-timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 72px;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 2px;
    background: var(--border);
}

.news-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 72px 20px 1fr;
    gap: 0 1.25rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.news-date {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--highlight);
    text-align: right;
    padding-top: 3px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.news-dot {
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--accent);
    border: 2px solid var(--bg);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--accent);
    margin-top: 5px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.news-content {
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.news-content p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.65;
    margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.news-content p strong { color: var(--text); }

.news-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.18rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
}

.news-tag.upcoming { background: rgba(179, 27, 27, 0.08); color: #b31b1b; border: 1px solid rgba(179, 27, 27, 0.2); }
.news-tag.paper    { background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.1);  color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.25); }
.news-tag.talk     { background: rgba(212, 160, 23, 0.1); color: #a07800; border: 1px solid rgba(212, 160, 23, 0.3); }
.news-tag.grad     { background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.08); color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.2); }

/* ===========================
   Featured Cards
=========================== */
.featured-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin-top: 2.75rem;
}

.feature-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    transition: transform 0.3s, box-shadow 0.3s, border-color 0.3s;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.feature-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-light));
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left;
    transition: transform 0.35s ease;
}

.feature-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    border-color: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.2);
    color: inherit;
}

.feature-card:hover::before { transform: scaleX(1); }

.feature-icon {
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.1);
    border-radius: 10px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.feature-card h3 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

.feature-card p {
    font-size: 0.84rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.65;
    flex: 1;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.feature-link {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    transition: gap 0.2s;
}

.feature-card:hover .feature-link { gap: 0.55rem; }

/* ===========================
   Research Layout (sidebar + accordion)
=========================== */
.research-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: start;
}

/* Sidebar */
.research-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 84px;
}

.sidebar-label {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.13em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.sidebar-nav {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.sidebar-btn {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: var(--white);
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: left;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
}

.sidebar-btn:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.04);
}

.sidebar-btn.active {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.07);
}

.sidebar-btn.active .sidebar-num { color: var(--accent); }
.sidebar-btn.active .sidebar-title { color: var(--accent); }
.sidebar-btn.active .sidebar-arrow { color: var(--accent); opacity: 1; }

.sidebar-num {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--border);
    min-width: 28px;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.sidebar-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.15rem;
    flex: 1;
}

.sidebar-title {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.3;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}

.sidebar-sub {
    font-size: 0.73rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.sidebar-arrow {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: var(--border);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}

.sidebar-btn:hover .sidebar-arrow { opacity: 1; }

.sidebar-skills { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding-top: 1.5rem; }

.skill-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.45rem;
}

.skill-list li {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.skill-list li::before {
    content: '▸';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    top: 2px;
}

/* Accordion */
.research-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.accordion-section {
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--white);
    transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
}

.accordion-section.open {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.accordion-header {
    width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 1.35rem 1.75rem;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-align: left;
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    transition: background 0.2s;
}

.accordion-header:hover { background: rgba(45, 106, 79, 0.03); }

.accordion-header-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.35rem;
}

.accordion-header h2 {
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text);
    margin: 0;
}

.accordion-section.open .accordion-header h2 { color: var(--accent); }

.accordion-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    padding: 0.18rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
}

.darpa-badge { background: rgba(45,106,79,0.1); color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid rgba(45,106,79,0.25); }
.manu-badge  { background: rgba(45,106,79,0.1); color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid rgba(45,106,79,0.25); }
.mud-badge   { background: rgba(45,106,79,0.1); color: var(--accent); border: 1px solid rgba(45,106,79,0.25); }

.accordion-icon {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-left: 1rem;
}

.accordion-section.open .accordion-icon { transform: rotate(180deg); }

.accordion-body {
    padding: 0 1.75rem 1.75rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.accordion-body[hidden] { display: none; }

.accordion-body p {
    font-size: 0.93rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.accordion-body p strong { color: var(--text); }

/* Media row inside accordion */
.accordion-media-row {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin: 1.25rem 0 1.5rem;
}

.acc-gif {
    flex: 1;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #111;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 10;
}

.acc-gif img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }

.full-width-gif { flex: none; width: 100%; }

/* Scientific figure — no cropping, full image shown */
.acc-figure-wrap {
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--bg-alt);
    margin: 1rem 0 0;
}
.acc-figure-wrap img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }

/* Gallery items that should not be cropped (data figures, wide strips) */
.gallery-item.no-crop { aspect-ratio: unset; background: var(--bg-alt); }
.gallery-item.no-crop img { height: auto; object-fit: contain; }

.acc-video-wrap {
    flex: 1;
    position: relative;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
}

/* Accordion links section */
.accordion-links-section { margin-top: 1.5rem; }

.accordion-links-section h4 {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.75rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.accordion-links-section h4:first-child { margin-top: 0; }

.acc-pub-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.85rem;
}

.acc-pub {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.acc-pub-title {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem !important;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.acc-pub-meta {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem !important;
}

.acc-doi-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.85rem;
}

.acc-link {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--accent);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    transition: color 0.2s;
}
.acc-link:hover { color: var(--accent-light); }

.acc-conf-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.acc-conf-list li {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.acc-conf-list li::before {
    content: '·';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.acc-featured-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.65rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.pub-status.published {
    background: rgba(45,106,79,0.1);
    color: var(--accent);
    border: 1px solid rgba(45,106,79,0.25);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-top: 3px;
}

/* ===========================
   Research photo gallery
=========================== */
.research-photo-gallery {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.5rem;
}

.gallery-item {
    margin: 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    background: #111;
}

.gallery-item img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
}

.gallery-item:hover img { transform: scale(1.04); }

.gallery-caption {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-style: italic;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem !important;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* ===========================
   Project media (video + photo grid)
=========================== */
.proj-video-wrap {
    margin: 1.25rem 0 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--bg-alt);
}

.proj-video-wrap video {
    width: 100%;
    display: block;
    max-height: 420px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.proj-photo-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 0.85rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 1rem;
}

.proj-photo-item {
    margin: 0;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.proj-photo-item img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.3s;
}

.proj-photo-item:hover img { transform: scale(1.03); }

.proj-photo-item figcaption {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.4;
    background: var(--bg-alt);
    font-style: italic;
}

/* Split row: text left + small video right */
.proj-split-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: start;
    margin: 1rem 0 0.5rem;
}

.res-media-split {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 46%;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.proj-split-video {
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--bg-alt);
}

.proj-split-video video {
    width: 100%;
    display: block;
    max-height: 300px;
    object-fit: contain;
}

/* Per-project tool tags */
.proj-tools {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.45rem;
    margin-top: 1.1rem;
}

.proj-tool-tag {
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    background: var(--bg-alt);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    padding: 0.22rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
}

/* Coming soon placeholder */
.proj-coming-soon {
    border: 2px dashed var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.proj-coming-soon i {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--border);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    display: block;
}

.proj-coming-soon p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin: 0;
}

/* ===========================
   Skills Grid (research page)
=========================== */
.skills-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.skill-group {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 1.5rem;
}

.skill-group h4 {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.skill-group p {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.subsection-title.first { margin-top: 0; }

/* ===========================
   Footer
=========================== */
footer {
    background: #1e2b24;
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.45);
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* ===========================
   Responsive
=========================== */
@media (max-width: 960px) {
    .hero-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 3rem;
    }

    .hero-photo { order: -1; }
    .hero-links { justify-content: center; }
    .hero-bio   { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }

    .about-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2.5rem;
    }

    .research-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .research-sidebar { position: static; }
    .sidebar-nav { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .sidebar-btn { flex: 1; min-width: 160px; }
    .research-photo-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .proj-photo-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .proj-split-row  { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .res-media-split { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .research-grid  { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .awards-grid    { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .award-row      { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; }
    .award-row-meta { display: none; }
    .award-row-year { display: none; }
    .skills-grid    { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .feat-grid      { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .nav-links {
        display: none;
        position: absolute;
        top: 64px; left: 0; right: 0;
        background: var(--bg);
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
        flex-direction: column;
        padding: 1.25rem 2rem;
        gap: 1.1rem;
        box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    }

    .nav-links.open { display: flex; }
    .nav-toggle { display: flex; }

    .research-grid          { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .feat-grid              { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .research-photo-gallery { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .proj-photo-grid        { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

    .news-timeline { padding-left: 0; }
    .news-timeline::before { left: 60px; }
    .news-item { grid-template-columns: 60px 16px 1fr; gap: 0 0.75rem; }

    .pub-item {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }

    .preprint-card {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }

    .preprint-gif {
        width: 100%;
        height: 160px;
    }

    .awards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

    .pub-year { font-size: 1.1rem; }

    .section { padding: 4rem 1.25rem; }

    .project-card { padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem; }
}